The Yellow Wallpaper Gender Roles Essay Example For Students

The Yellow Wallpaper Gender Roles Essay Gender RolesChildren learn from their parents and society the conception offeminine and masculine. Much about these conceptions is not biological atall but cultural. The way we tend to think about men and women and their genderroles in society constitute the prevailing paradigm that influences out thinking. Riane Eisler points out that the prevailing paradigm makes it difficult for usto analyze properly the roles of men and women in prehistory we have a culturalbias that we bring to the effort and that colors our decision-making processes.Sexism is the result of that bias imposed by our process of acculturation. Gender roles in Western societies have been changing rapidly in recentyears, with the changes created both by evolutionary changes in society,including economic shifts which have altered the way people work and indeedwhich people work as more and more women enter the workforce, and by perhapspressure brought to make changes because of the perception that the traditionalsocial structure was inequitable. Gender relations are a part of thesocialization process, the initiation given the young by society, teaching themcertain values and creating in them certain behavior patterns acceptable totheir social roles. These roles have been in a state of flux in Americansociety in recent years, and men and women today can be seen as having expandedtheir roles in society, with women entering formerly male dominions and menfinding new ways to relate to and function in the family unit. We will write a custom essay on The Yellow Wallpaper Gender Roles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When I was growing up a woman was never heard of having a job other thana school teacher or seamstress. Our(womens)job was to take careof the house. We had a big garden out back from which we got mostof our vegetablesA garden is a lot of work you knowWe also had tomake clothes when there were none to be had(hand-me- downs)Gender can be defined as a social identity consisting of the role aperson is to play because of his or her sex. There is a diversity in male andfemale roles, making it impossible to define gender in terms of narrow male andfemale roles. Gender is culturally defined, with significant differences fromculture to culture. These differences are studied by anthropologists toascertain the range of behaviors that have developed to define gender and on theforces at work in the creation of these roles. The role of women in Americansociety was conditioned by religious attitudes and by the conditions of lifethat prevailed through much of American history. The culture of Europe andAmerica was based for centuries on a patriarchal system in which exclusiveownership of the female by a given male was considered important, with theresult that women were regulated to the role of property with no voice in theirown fate. The girl-child was trained from birth to fit the role awaiting her,and as long as compensations were adequate, women were relatively content:For Example, if in return for being a mans property a woman receiveseconomic security, a full emotional life centering around husband and children,and an opportunity to express her capacities in the management of her home, shehas little cause for discontent.While this statement is arguable in the way it assumes that women arenot discontented under such circumstances, it is clear that for most of historywomen were expected to be content with this sort of life and were trained forthat purpose. Clearly, circumstances of family life have changed in the modernera. Industry has been taken out of the home, and large families are no longereconomically possible or socially desired. The home is no longer the center ofthe husbands life, and for the traditional wife there is only a narrowing ofinterests and possibilities for development: Increasingly, the woman findsherself without an occupation and with an unsatisfactory emotional life.Thechange in sex roles that can be discerned in society is closely tied withchanges in the structure of the family. Changes in both family structure andsex roles over the last century have produced the ferment we still see today,and one of the problems with the changing role of women is the degree to whichsociety perceives this is causing unwanted changes in the family, though it isjust as true that changes in the family have altered the roles of women. .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 , .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .postImageUrl , .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 , .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0:hover , .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0:visited , .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0:active { border:0!important; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0:active , .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0 .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc58e13556cf57fcb367b542303cf3ba0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: English language arts EssayAs women entered the early 1990s, they faced a number of problems. Most of these problems have been around for some time, and women have challengedthem and even alleviated them without solving them completely. They areencountered in the workplace, in the home, in every facet of life. Women havemade advances toward the equality they seek only to encounter a backlash in theform of religious fundamentalism, claims of reverse discrimination by males, andhostility from a public that thinks the womens movement has won everything itwanted and should thus now be silent. Both the needs of women today and thebacklash that has developed derive from the changes in social and sexual rolesthat have taken place in the period since World War II. These changes involvethe new ability of women to break out of the gender roles created for them by apatriarchal society. The desperation women feel has been fed throughout history by thepractice of keeping women in their place by limiting their options. This wasaccomplished on one level by preventing women from gaining their the sort ofeducation offered to men, and while this has changed to a great extent, thereare still inequalities in the opportunities offered to men as opposed to women. Susan Brownmiller writes:The sad history of prohibitions on womens learning is too well known tobe recorded here. . . In much of the world women are barred from advancedknowledge and technical trainingYet opening the world of business with new opportunities for women does notdissipate much of this frustration because both men and women continue to beruled by their early training, by the acculturation process which decides forthem what sort of existence they will have. This can result in feelings ofguilt when their reality and the image they have been taught from childhood donot mesh. It would be a mistake to see changing gender roles in society asthreatening only to males who dominate that society. Such changes also threatenmany women who have accepted more traditional roles and see change as a threat. I dont know how your mother does it all. . . I think time are harder for womenthese days. . . so many choices.This response is not new. When women firstunited for the right to vote at the beginning of this century, they were opposedby womens groups who wanted things to remain as they were. Many of these womenwere ladies of means and social position in society:The main burden of their argument was that woman suffrage placed anadditional and unbearable burden on women, whose place was in the home. . . These arguments are heard today from religious fundamentalists who believe thatthe womens movement is a threat to the family. The fact is that the family haschanged and that the traditional family structure of homemaker, husband asbreadwinner, and children bow constitutes only 10 percent of families. The rolefor women has expanded with more women in the workplace and with a variety offamily structures with new roles for all members of the family. Business hasbeen slow to change and to acknowledge the new family, and for all thecomplaints about the womens movement as anti-family, the movement has insteadfollowed the trend of placing the family in the forefront of addressing familyissues as vital to women. There is much evidence that boys and girls are treated differently formbirth, and this fact has been noted in every world culture:It may never be possible to separate out the precise effects ofphysiology and cultural conditioning on human beings. Not only do theyindividually influence people but they interact with each other and with eachpersons unique essence to affect human behavior. To accord with the reality ofthis complex interplay of factors, and to accord with an increasingly complexexternal world, feminists ask simply for options in life styles. .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 , .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .postImageUrl , .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 , .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4:hover , .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4:visited , .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4:active { border:0!important; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4:active , .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4 .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce6b4864322d0b07065a90835ea88de4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Interpersonal Communication EssayThose stuck in sexism, however, cannot grant even the simple request to ask whywomen are inferior. The reason sexism exists at all is because of anacculturation process which subtly creates it, and it is perpetuated in part forthat reason and also because perceived changes in the roles and status of womencreate a backlash based on fear of change. Surveys have shown that identical resumes or scholarly articles arerated lower if the applicant is though to be a woman rather than a man: Manssuccess is more likely to be attributed to ability and womans to luck.Whileadvances have been made over the last decade, the challenge remains for the next,and as long as women constitute small minorities in nontraditional employmentcontexts, substantial obstacles will remain.The women in the workplace mustwork harder to succeed than their male counterparts, and once they havesucceeded they have to deal with the envy and anxiety this arouses. Women whodo not advance only confirm the stereotype for others:The perception remains that women cant make it by conventionalstandards, or are less committed to doing so. In either event, they donot seem to warrant the same investment in training, assistance,and promotion opportunities as their male counterparts. Feminist theorists have been calling for some time for a change in thepolitical climate. They want more than just more women in office and thepolitical arena; they want a new type of political thinking, one that empowerspeople rather than government and that addresses the issues that are ofimportance to men and women:If we can eliminate the false polarities and appreciate the limits andtrue potential of womens power, we will be able to join with menfollow or leadin the new human politics that must emerge beyondreaction. This new human liberation will enable us to take back theday and the night, and use the precious and limited resources of ourearth and the limitless resources of our human capital to erect new kinds ofhomes for all our dreams. . . The perception the public has had on the role of men and women isoutdated and has been for some time, but public attitudes change slowly even inthe face of overwhelming evidence. More than 40 years ago, anthropologistMargaret Mead noted the way the West had developed its concept of male andfemale:There has long been a habit in Western civilization of men to havea picture of womanhood to which women reluctantly conformed,and for women to make demands on man to which men adjustedeven more reluctantly. This has been a accurate picture of the way inwhich we have structured our society, with women as keepers of thehouse who insist that the man wipe their feet on the door-mat, and menas keepers of women in the house who insist that their wivesshould stay modestly indoors. Today, people are far less willing to accept these artificial roles evenreluctantly, and this includes the provision keeping women in the home and outof the public arena. To have more women in office it is necessary to have morewomen run. As noted, public views change more slowly than the reality of genderroles. They will continue to change slowly as long as we continue acculturatingchildren with the same sexual stereotypes that have so long prevailed. It isnecessary that we address this issue from early childhood, with parentsdemonstrating a different view of gender and sexual roles just as the school andchurch should take a part in eliminating the old stereotypes in favor of a morereasonable and equitable way to view both men and women. Social Issues

Biological Beginnings Essays

Biological Beginnings Essays Biological Beginnings Paper Biological Beginnings Paper The biological beginnings of human can be considered complex. It has various significant branches that can be interrelated to one another. These consequently determine or uniquely classify one from another in terms of psychological, physiological, and social aspects. This is also the area where illnesses emanate, like cancer, Alzheimer’s, psychosomatic illnesses, and the like. These â€Å"mechanisms† are transmitted from generation to the next through the principles of genetics. Every person contains â€Å"genetic codes† inherited from their respective parents. These codes are unique from one person to another, and therefore provide different individual traits and characteristics. Some traits can overlap but none would be exactly the same as of the other person. Genetic foundations, one of the branches of the biological beginnings, involved several sub-categories such as the genes, meiosis and mitosis, principles of genetics, behavior genetics, molecular genetics, and gene-linked abnormalities and chromosomes (Santrock 2005). The beginning of life starts from the unification of the sperm and of the egg cell. The combined cell contains the information â€Å"genetic codes† of what the person becomes. During the conception would and after giving birth, these cells would eventually replicate to a quantity of about trillion cells, each containing the same â€Å"code† of the original cell. The nucleus of every human cell is comprised of around 46 chromosomes, a threadlike figure that consists of 23 pairs wherein one member of each pair belongs respectively to the parent. Each chromosome contains an extraordinary substance called the DNA or the Deoxyribonucleic acid. This DNA eventually carries the genetic code or information. Genes considered as the unit of hereditary data or information has a short segment structure comprised of DNA’s. Furthermore, the genes serves as a relative reference or blueprint to other cells to enable self-reproduction and to manufacture important proteins to sustain life. The Meiosis and Mitosis serves as the processes on the biological aspect to fully comprehend how and what are the functions of the genes. Mitosis is the process of dividing cells upon which the cell material is replicated or duplicated so that two daughter cells would be formed. The chromosomes are also duplicated before the cells are divided so that the correct number of chromosomes would be the same. Each of the human being’s body cell has 46 separate chromosomes or 23 pairs. The pair comprised of 22 body or autosomal pairs and the last pair comprised of the sex chromosomes. These daughter cells also have 23 pairs of chromosomes similar to the original cell. In Meiosis, the sex cells are divided into two, thus producing 4 daughter cells. It is the process of reducing the number of chromosomes in a sex cell to half of the original quantity. The reduction division is one phase of the Meiosis process and when completed each cell produced contains 23 chromosomes, upon which these will eventually be contributed to the zygote for a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 individual chromosomes. The zygote is the single cell formed when the ovum is fertilized by the sperm cell, the reproduction process. This zygote contains 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 individual chromosomes. There are several genetic principles that have been discovered such as the sex-linked genes, the dominant and recessive genes, the inherited polygenically characteristics, canalization, and reaction range. The sex-linked genes refer to the existence of two sex cells out of the 46 chromosomes in a human being. Discovered in 1920, the female has two X chromosomes while the male has an X and Y-chromosomes. This will consequently determine the resulting sex of the new born. The dominant-recessive genes principle described the relevant behavior of two genes; the dominant gene usually overrides the recessive gene. The recessive gene exerts its power if both genes are recessive. The traits or characteristics being carried by the dominant gene (brown eyes, dimples, etc.) would be passed on to the child if the combined genes are dominant-recessive type. The Polygenic inheritance is the principle in genetics wherein the genes combines to form or produce a specific characteristic. Only a few psychological traits are formed from single cell, the rest are the results of the interaction of different genes from one another.

Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a Essay

Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a competitive business environment - Essay Example Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a competitive business environment Some of theorists has different ideas they said that self interest would require for a business to fulfil the law and adhere to essential ethical rules, because the cost of fading to do so might be extremely expensive in fines, loss of licensure, or company status. The economist Milton Friedman was an important advocate of this vision. Other theorists argue that a business has ethical duties that expand well past serving the comfort of its owners or stockholders, and that these duties consist of more than just following the law. They think a business has ethical responsibilities to supposed stakeholders, people who have a concern in the manner of the business, which might comprise employees, customers, vendors, the local community, or even society as a whole. They would state that stakeholders have firm privileges with regard to how the business works, and several would even propose that this even comprise rights of governance. The confirmation and fraction of the problem is the scarcity of data is varied. Surely, people are more aware of ethics in business. There is extra conversation between managers, and a few high-profile cases of companies doing their top to do the correct thing. But what is mainly astonishing is how little things have in reality changed. As ethics codes are commonplace, ethical mores remains all too uncommon. Information on whistleblowers specifies that for the most part are still disliked by their company and aristocracy, with many anguish relegation or absolute job loss. Accounting and responsibility have been the main concerns for restores belief, yet as recently as last quarter, the central accounting supervisory body in the U.S. reported that up to half of the yearly reports for 2004 had severe indiscretion in them. Clients are too sending diverse signals. They are usually smarter regarding ethical reflections yet do not essentially pursue through their concerns or morals in getting decisions. In the U.K., which has perhaps the most developed methods and trainings for business responsibility, sales for ethical brands are exploding, albeit from a tiny base. Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility in general designates an enterprise's actions health and safety, ecological protection, customer security, society development, dealer relations, labour protection and personnel practices, as well as strategy sort such as production authority, business morals and stakeholder privileges. Stakeholders and the community in general are more and more aware of the impact of decisions by corporations on community and the surroundings. People recompense or penalize venture according to the means corporation's address commune's challenges. For their part, ventures are even more reaping the profits of corporate social responsibility in terms of enhanced status and branding, superior assessment by the investment community and stronger monetary act and profitability, for instance through eco-efficiency. Milton Friedman Friedman "was the most powerful economist of the second half of the 20th centurypossibly of all of it". (Alan Greenspan) "There are incredibly not many individuals over the generations who contain ideas that are suitably unique to significantly change the way of

Week 5 Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Week 5 Discussion Questions - Essay Example The reason that total quality can positive influence the sustainability initiatives of a company is because the implementation of total quality leads to continuous improvement through an organization. For example if a company is spending too much on electricity bills the total quality system of company will identify the deficiency so that the manager can implement alternative solutions to remedy the situation. Lowering energy usage is a sustainability practice can help the environment because it reduces the dependency of petroleum derivatives and helps decrease the CO2 emissions the business activity of a company generates. A common practice of total quality system is the use of benchmarking. Benchmarking involves selecting a demonstrated standard of performance that represents the very best performance for processes or activities very similar to yours (Heizer, et al. 1996, p.84). The use of benchmarking can help improve sustainability by imitating environmentally friendly practices other companies are implementing. If a manager learns that another company with compatible operation implemented a process that allows the use of recycle water in the manufacturing line benchmarking that practice can help achieve greater sustainability. A sustainability plan positive impacts internal stakeholders in a variety of ways. A sustainability plan can help improve the working condition of the employees of the company. For example if the company has manufacturing processes that are releasing toxic gases a sustainability plan can identify that deficiency in order to apply alternative solution to fix the problem. Once implemented the employees quality of life at work and long term health is going to improve. Another potential improvement that a sustainability plan can provide to the employees is improving the temperature and moisture levels of a facility in order create greater comfort for the

Ketones in insulin resistant state Essay Example for Free

Ketones in insulin resistant state Essay 1. How is glucose normally maintained in the post absorptive state? 2. Why is muscle glycogen not useful for blood glucose 3. Why may this situation have evolved 4. Under what circumstances do you think substantial gluconeogenesis will occur 5. What is necessary for the production of ketones 6. What will reduce acetyl CoA oxidation 7. When is oxaloacetate availability impaired 8. When is the regulation of gluconeogenesis disrupted Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated by eachother. What promotes the activity of one inhibits the other. Lack of insulin leads to high levels of glucose in the blood, gluc levels exceed renal threshold. . this causes excess water to excreted in urine (polyuria) Ketones are formed when there is not enough sugar or glucose to supply the body’s fuel needs. This occurs overnight, and during dieting or fasting. During these periods, insulin levels are low, but glucagon and epinephrine levels are relatively normal. This combination of low insulin, and relatively normal glucagon and epinephrine levels causes fat to be released from the fat cells. The fats travel through the blood circulation to reach the liver where they are processed into ketone units. The ketone units then circulate back into the blood stream and are picked up by the muscle and other tissues to fuel your body’s metabolism. In a person without diabetes, ketone production is the body’s normal adaptation to starvation. Blood sugar levels never get too high, because the production is regulated by just the right balance of insulin, glucagon and other hormones.However, in an individual with diabetes, dangerous and life-threatening levels of ketones can develop. When there is not enough insulin, the fat cells keep releasing fat into the circulation, and the liver keeps making more and more ketones and ketoacids. The rising ketoacid levels make the blood pH too low (acidotic/Diabetic Keto-Acidosis), which is an emergency medical situation and requires immediate medical attention. Oxidation reaction†¦ leads to release of h+ ions Lipogenesis: Since carbohydrates are the major part of the diet, they must be immediately converted into energy, stored as glycogen, or converted into fats. The introduction has already presented the facts about the necessity of storing energy as fat. A total of 55% of the carbohydrates are involved in the synthesis of fats. The total energy content of the diet must be balanced with the energy requirements of the human body. If excess foods (calories) are ingested beyond the bodys energy needs, the excess foods (energy) are converted into fat. If insufficient calories are ingested, the energy deficit is made up by oxidizing fat reserves. These simple facts provide the key to weight control although it is probably more easily understood than carried out in practice. Excessive deposits of lipids lead to an obese condition. Extensive blood capillary networks in these deposits mean that they are quite active metabolically. Obesity puts a strain on the heart by causing it to pump blood through extra c apillaries. Generally, obesity results from overeating, but a few people have malfunctioning endocrine glands. Lipid metabolism is in a constant state of dynamic equilibrium. This means that some lipids are constantly being oxidized to meet energy needs, while others are being synthesized and stored. In rats, the average life-time of a single lipid molecule ranges from 2 to 10 days. A similar figure probably applies to human lipid metabolism. The sequence of reactions involved in the formation of lipids is known as Lipogenesis. Lipogenesis is not simply the reverse of the fatty acid spiral, but does start with acetyl CoA and does build up by the addition of two carbons units. The synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm in contrast to the degradation (oxidation) which occurs in the mitochondria. Many of the enzymes for the fatty acid synthesis are organized into a multienzyme complex called fatty acid synthetase. The major points in the overall lipogenesis reactions are: Starvation and Diabetes Synthesis of Ketone Bodies: When the body is deprived of food whether by voluntary or involuntary fasting, starvation is the net result. During starvation, glycogen reserves are rapidly depleted and the body begins to metabolize reserves of fat and protein. The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetic acid for the formation of citric acid. In starvation or uncontrolled diabetes situations, oxaloacetic acid is used to synthesize glucose and is then not available for use with acetyl CoA. Under these conditions, acetyl CoA is diverted from the citric acid cycle to the formation of acetoacetic and 3-hydroxybutanoic acids. In three steps, two acetyl CoA react to make acetoacetic acid. The acetoacetic acid may be changed into either acetone or 3-hydroxybutanoic acid. All three compounds are collectively known as ketone bodies even though one is not a ketone. The odor of acetone may be detected on the breath of a person with excess ketone bodies in the blood. The overall accumulation of ketone bodies in blood and urine is known as ketosis. The acids also upset buffers in the blood to cause acidosis. Both acetoacetic acid and 3-hydroxybutanoic acid can be used by the heart, kidneys, and brain for metabolism to produce energy. The heart and kidneys actually prefer these to glucose. In contrast, the brain prefers glucose, but will adapt if necessary in starvation or diabetic conditions. Link to: Ketone Bodies (move cursor over arrows)

Historical Events that Changed the World Essay -- World War 2 II Two

Historical Events that Changed the World Between World War I and World War II America went through events in the political, economical and social areas that would change the face of the nation forever. The various eras- World War I, the Roaring Twenties, The Great Depression & the New Deal, and World War II each had separate issues that caused changes in relation to class, gender, domestic and international affairs. Although many of these events were only effective temporarily, others still show a strong influence today. Movements such as woman suffrage, events such as dropping the atomic bomb, and social eras such as The Harlem Renaissance still play an important role in the lives of Americans today. World War I laid the foundations for the political and economical crisis that was soon to follow. Even before the end of the war, Allies claimed reparations from Germany, whose economy was destroyed. Wilson, after meeting with the Big Four, slowly began to accept the idea of reparations. Once implemented, the American banks were now beginning to profit greatly from loaning to both Germany and the Allies- Germany who had to pay their reparations and fix the infrastructure of the country, France whose infrastructure was destroyed and Great Britain, who had to pay back America for all the ammo and weapons they had bought. Germany entered a never-ending debt cycle- repaying the allies by taking out loans, then repaying the loans by taking out even more loans. Germany’s devastated economy as a new democratic nation that was used to monarchy led to poor democratic governments that always failed. These issues eventually caused the Nazi party to become dominant- and Hitler became lead er. The Bolshevik revolution in the 1917 started hatred towards the Communists in America (Eventually leading to the Cold War). The Red Scare that followed the war was a good example of the psychotic mind of the average American. The fear of being overthrown by communists was everywhere. Anyone who publicly opposed the war was immediately thrown into jail. â€Å"Subversive† books were removed from the shelves; feminists were attacked because of their opposition of American intervention in Europe. It was a time of chaos. Once Wilson was out of office, and Harding elected, however, things started to change- The 19th Amendment that was ratified in 1920 marked the end of 100 years o... ... morning of August 6th, 1945, Hiroshima was bombed, over 80,000 casualties, and Nagasaki was bombed 3 days later, with over 100,000 casualties. September 2nd, 1945 was the surrender date of the Japanese. Fourteen million troops and over 35 million civilians had perished in this devastating war. The era between World War I and World War II changed the face of America greatly. From the traditional world of religion, hands-off capitalism, modesty, white-male supremacy, emerged a new world- where evolution was taught, radio and movies became the main source of entertainment, where blacks were treated more as equals and less as scum, where women received voting rights and labor benefits, where California became the economic powerhouse. The era has set the economic and social values of which we live by today, as well as many political issues that have recently ended (Cold War) or issues that are still going on today-for example the Mexican illegal immigrant work force. All in all, I believe that the individual triumphs, or collapses, in the class, gender, domestic and international affairs of those times have changed the face of America and set the basis for our everyday lifestyle.

Faulty Organizational Behavior in Tyco International Ltd

Most employees travel to and from the workplace each day with the ultimate goal to successfully perform their assigned job according to company standards. These company standards may include agendas, mission statements, professional conduct guidelines and even a code of ethics. How employees choose to follow company standards may govern their overall progress or success. While some may deviate from standards and fail, others may find themselves slipping through cracks unnoticed. Either way, the rules were broken. This paper will examine the failure suffered by Tyco International Ltd where leadership, management, and organizational structures were compromised. Let us start with the aftermath. According to MSNBC (2005), â€Å"Kozlowski and Swartz were accused of giving themselves more than $150 million in illegal bonuses and forgiving loans to themselves, besides manipulating the company’s stock price† (Corporate Scandals, para 14). Clearly, a scandal had hit Tyco International Ltd. Not only did former top executives slip themselves extra money, but they also toyed around with the stock prices. These actions had made the powerful men very wealthy. They also affected the lives of other individuals. During the trial, Kozlowski and Swartz pointed out that unlike WorldCom and Enron, Tyco continued to thrive as a company after the scandal (MSNBC, 2005). While this may have been a valid point, we cannot dismiss the fact that stealing, fraud, and self-indulgence had been present in the company. Now we will examine how the management, leadership, and organizational structure of Tyco International Ltd contributed to this failure. Robbins and Judge (2007) explain how managers coordinate social units of an organization in order to achieve common goals. Management performs several functions in a company that may include: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (Robbins & Judge, 2007). As mentioned above, these functions are performed within social units to achieve common goals set by the company. Should deviation occur, it becomes the manager’s responsibility to get the employees back on track. The management at Tyco International Ltd strayed off course. Instead of performing tasks for the greater good of all members of the company, top xecutives allowed self-interest to govern decision-making. While managerial functions may have remained in place, the goals of these functions became malicious. Top executives began to plan, organize, lead and control in a fashion that was not in the best interest of all company members. An important managerial function is leading. â€Å"When managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channels, or resolve conflicts among members, they’re engaging in leading† (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. ). Tyco experienced a lack of honest leadership. While some of the normal leadership was maintained to ensure the overall success of the company, there were areas that were intentionally pointed in the wrong direction. The corrupt executives started to make decisions that resulted in large sums of money directed their way. Stock price adjustment and illegal bonuses represented leadership that was no longer in the best interest of the company. These leaders chose to use power in a self-gratifying way. As a result, Kozlowski and Swartz entered a case that â€Å"exposed the executive’s extravagant lifestyle after they pilfered some $600 million from the company including a $2 million toga party for Kozlowski’s wife on a Mediterranean island and an $18 million Manhattan apartment with a $6,000 shower curtain† (MSNBC, 2005). These men were making decisions that did not reflect the company’s overall goal for success. The unlawful actions represented the misuse of leadership. Tyco International Ltd experienced a disruption in organizational behavior as a result of this scandal. Organizational behavior is concerned with actions of people and how these specific actions and behaviors affect the overall performance of the company (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Kozlowski and Swartz exhibited corrupt behavior and illegal actions for their benefit. Their actions caused a scandal that changed the way that the public and company members viewed Tyco International Ltd. Unethical practices led to fraud, stealing, and eventually perjury (MSNBC, 2005). Overall, these men undermined the values and standards of the company. They were prosecuted and Tyco International Ltd was able to move forward. Today, Tyco International Ltd has an ethical standard in place. According to Verschoor (2006), â€Å"Against a dismal backdrop of corrupted ethics and failed governance, Ed Breen, Tyco chairman and CEO, began the process of ethical reform when he joined the company in the middle of 2002† (p. 15). Tyco now has four core values that include: integrity, excellence, teamwork, and accountability. These values are listed and explained in the 40-page booklet titled The Tyco Guide to Ethical Conduct: Doing the Right Thing (Verschoor, 2006). Employees are urged to report any unethical actions and must remain compliant with all standards. Unlike other businesses faced with scandal, Tyco survived. Managers realized the need for installing strict rules and standards that would require enforcement. As a result, the organizational behavior of Tyco became more stable. New standards make it more difficult for unethical behavior to slip by and cause scandal. Tyco International Ltd turned a negative situation into a learning experience. References MSNBC.  (2005).  Ex-Tyco executives get up to 25 years in prison.  Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9399803/ns/business-corporate_scandals Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2007). Organizational Behavior (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Verschoor, C. C. (2006,  April). Tyco: An Ethical Metamorphosis. Strategic Finance, 87(10), 15-16.